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Objective:To explore the clinical effect of applying transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to stroke survivors with dysphagia caused by bulbar or pseudobulbar palsy.Methods:Sixty stroke survivors with dysphagia caused by bulbar or pseudobulbar palsy were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, each of 30. All were given basic rehabilitation training, including cold stimulation of the pharynx and empty swallowing training twice a day, practicing the pronunciation of the sounds A, YI and WU five times a day, 30 to 60 repetitions of tongue aspirator training daily and three 15-minute massages with an electric toothbrush. Each subject also received 20 minutes of treatment with a Vocastim swallowing therapy apparatus every day, six times a week for two weeks. Those in the experimental group also received 20 minutes of tDCS every day, six times a week during the two weeks. Before and after the treatment, all were evaluated using the Kubota drinking water test, a functional oral intake scale (FOIS) and standardized swallowing assessment (SSA).Results:After the treatment, a significant improvement was observed in the average Kubata test scores, with the improvement of the experimental group significantly greater than that of the control group. The average FOIS score of those with pseudobulbar palsy in both groups also improved significantly, with the experimental group′s average significantly better than that of the control group. The average FOIS scores of those with bulbar palsy had also improved significantly, but there was no significant inter-group difference. The average SSA scores of those with pseudobulbar palsy in both groups improved significantly, with significantly greater improvement in the experimental group. The average scores of those with bulbar palsy decreased significantly, but without significant inter-group differences.Conclusions:Transcranial direct current stimulation can usefully supplement basic swallowing training, especially for those with pseudobulbar palsy.
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Chronic active EBV (CAEBV) infection presents with persistent or recurring IM-like symptoms including fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and liver dysfunction without definite underlying diseases at the diagnosis. No causative pathogenetic mechanisms have been sufficiently clarified, these patients have high EBV-DNA load in the peripheral blood and systemic clonal expansion of EBV-infected T cells, NK cells and B cells. Their prognosis is poor with life-threatening complications including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, diverse organ failure, malignant lymphomas and so on. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(Allo-HSCT)is the only effective therapy at present. This review outlines the recent progress of CAEBV clinical and fundamental research at home and abroad.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features, laboratory diagnostics, treatments, and prognosis of neonates infected with influenza. Methods The clinical data of 16 neonates diagnosed as influenza admitted to the neonatal ward from January 2015 to May 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 16 neonates, 11 were male and 5 were female. Mean age was 18.5 days. 75% (12/16) of them were reported to be exposed to family members with common cold- like symptoms before hospitalization. Clinical manifestations included nasal obstruction (11/16), fever (10/16), cough (10/16), and rhinorrhea (8/16). Influenza antigen rapid detection (colloidal gold method) was positive in all cases. Influenza immunofluorescence assays were performed in 15 cases, only 6.67% (1/15) was positive. Sputum culture was performed in 13 cases, 8 of which were positive. Of them, 75% (12/16) neonates were diagnosed with pneumonia. Only 12.5% (2/16) neonates were treated with neuraminidase inhibitor. All cases recovered well and were discharged after antibiotic treatment. Conclusions Neonates contacted with family members displaying common cold-like symptoms should be examined for influenza in time. The common clinical manifestations include catarrhal symptoms, fever and cough. The sensitivity of the influenza immunofluorescence assay is lower as compared with the colloidal gold method. Pneumonia may often be developed in neonatal influenza. The prognosis of neonatal influenza is satisfactory if treated.
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Pertussis is a highly contagious,vaccine-preventable respiratory illness.The reemergence of pertussis occurs in recent years.Typical pertussis is characterized by severe paroxysmal coughing which can persist for weeks after initial onset,however,some infants may have no special symptom.Newborns and children who are not vaccinated or partially vaccinated present more severe symptoms.Pertussis related complications include pneumonia,encephalitis,pulmonary hypertension,hyper leukocytosis,and co-infections.Nucleic acid detection,bacterial culture and serum antibody test are helpful for laboratory diagnosis.The right specimen collection and culture medium choice are crucial to bacteriological diagnosis of pertussis.
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Objective To study the clinical features,treatment and prognosis of neonatal hand-foot-mouth disease.Methods Neonatal hand-foot-mouth disease patients admitted from July 2014 to May 2016 were retrospectively studied.EV71,CA16 and universal enterovirus were detected from newborn swabs by RT-PCR.Results A total of 8 neonatal patients with hand-foot-mouth diseases,6 boys and 2 girls were diagnosed at an age ranged from 7-26 days.Of them,7 patients had exposure history.Clinical manifestations including rash (8 cases),fever (6 cases),irritability (4 cases) and vomiting (1 case),nobody suffered convulsions.The results of RT-PCR showed pathogen enterovirus not-EV71 and not-CA16.There were 5 cases of pulmonary infection treated with antibiotic therapy.All of the 8 cases had a good prognosis.Conclusions Most of the handfoot-mouth diseases had exposure history without specific clinical manifestations.They had not-EV71 and not-CA16 intestinal virus infection,some patients had pulmonary infection.Therefore,neonatal hand-foot-mouth diseases need more clinical attention.
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Objective To investigate the expression and change of cytoglobin(Cygb)gene on hypoxicischemic brain damage(HIBD).Methods Fifty SD rats of 7days old were divided into four study groups and one control group.The brain tissues were taken at 4hours,12hours,24hours and 48hours after the onset of HIBD.Cygb mRNA was determined by the reverse transcription PCR.One-way method of GraphPad Prism was used for statistics.Results The fragment length of PCR products was identical with experimental design.The expression level of Cygb gene increased at 4h after ischemia,and peaked at 24h.48h after HIBD,the Cygb gene level began to decrease.Conclusion The expression of Cygb in brain tissue increased rapidly after HIBD of newborn rats,suggesting that Cygb may have important function in the protection process of HIBD.